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Kermanshah - History
Evidence indicated that this province has been the home of man since the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Considering the historical monuments found in Kermanshah, it was very glorious in the Achaemenid and Sasanian eras and was highly regarded by the kings of those times. In the Islamic period, especially in the Safavid period, it made greatprogress. Kurds, Lors, Arabs and Turks are propels living in this province. In addition to the inhabitants of the towns and villa-gees, there are many nomadic societies throughout the province.
From the Paleolithic time to the present, this district has been the home of many peoples.(dating back to the 18 th century) with beautiful brickwork’s and plasterworks are of more importance. In the suburbs of Kermanshah, relic surviring from circa 900 BC on the hill of Ganj Darreh (a district of Hersin) and Three catacombs dating back to the Median age, near Deh-Nou, Ishaqvand village, are very impressive.
According to historical documents, It has been always an important center. Considering its great antiquity and its various historical monuments, this city can represent a remarkable part of the history of Iran. Of the historical monuments in the city itself. Pol-e-kohne (meaning old bridge) having the herring bone arches made of bricks, and jame mosque.
Ref: http://greetings.irna.com/eturism/kermanshah/kermanshah2.htm
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Kermanshah - History
Formerly BAKHTARAN, city, southern Kurdistan. The city lies in the fertile valley of the Qareh Su (river) and is situated on the ancient caravan route between the Mediterranean Sea and central Asia. It was founded in the 4th century AD by Bahram IV of the Sasanian dynasty.
Conquered by the Arabs in 640, the town was called Qirmasin (Qirmashin). Under Seljuq rule in the 11th century, it was the chief town of Kordestan. The Safavids (ruled 1501-1736) fortified the town, and the Qajars repulsed an attack by the Turks during Fath 'Ali Shah's rule (1797-1834). Occupied by the Turkish Army in 1915 during World War I, it was evacuated in 1917.
The construction of a road in the 1950s over the age-old Khorasan track added considerably to the importance of the city. It is now a fairly important industrial centre; industries include textile manufacturing, food processing, oil refining, carpet making, sugar refining, and the production of electrical equipment and tools. It is connected by road to Urmiye , Hamadan, and has an airport.
The surrounding region is one of the richest agricultural areas in southern Kurdistan; its agriculture is now mostly mechanized. Irrigation is largely used in the upland valleys. Wheat and barley, corn (maize), clover, beans, oilseeds, rice, fruit, and vegetables are the main crops, and the hills in the area provide good pasturage.
The inhabitants are mainly Kurds of many different tribes, most of whom settled in urban areas after World War II. The history of the area extends back into antiquity, as many local monuments of Achaemenid and Sasanid origin demonstrate--e.g., the rock carvings at Bisitun and Tag-e Bostan. There are also many prehistoric remains in the form of mounds and formerly inhabited caves.
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Kurds :
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The exact origin of the Kurds has not been yet been researched, even though they have an ancient history. The Kurds reside
mainly in Kurdistan. It is a large territory extending to a major part of the mountainous region of south-east Turkey, north-east
Iraq, north-west Iran and parts of Russia, as well as Syria.
Up until 1914, the Kurds and Kurdistan were divided among Iran, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Under a treaty concluded
between the Soviet Union and Turkey in 1921, the Kurdish-inhabited region of the Caucasus was annexed to the Ottoman
Empire. Subsequently, a part of Kurdistan was placed under Iraqi and Syrian rule when the Mosul region was annexed to Iraq.
In Iran, the Kurds mainly reside in Kurdistan, Kermanshahan stet, and south of the Western Azerbaijan Province. In 1600, a
number of the Kurds were forced to settle in the north of Khorassan Province, at Quchan and Bojnurd, by the Safavid King,
Shah Abbas; they still resident there today.
The Kurds are of Iranian origin. Their language is a North-West Iranian language of the Indo-European family of languages and
has several dialects. The two Goorani (southern Kurdish) and Zaza (western Kurdish) dialects are vastly different from
Kormanji (pure Kurdish). The dialects spoken in Sanandaj, Kermanshahan, and Suleimania (Iraq) are variations of Kormanji.
There are several Kurdish clans. The significant ones are Mokri in the north of Kurdistan, Bani-Ardalan to their south (with
Sanandaj as their center), Jaaf in southern and Kalhor in southernmost Kurdistan at the border with Kermanshahan.
Most Kurds are Sunnis of the Shafe'I sect, and some are followers of Yazidi and Ahle-e Haq sects, but Qaderi and
Naqshbandi brands of Sufism are also common in some parts of the Iranian Kurdistan, particularly in its southern regions. The
Kurdish population is estimated to be around 1.5 million.
The Kurdish population stands at about 20-25 million. It is concentrated in the parts of eastern Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq that make up the region known as Kurdistan. About 12 million Kurds live in the southeast region of Turkey alone.
Twenty percent of Turkey's population is Kurdish. Iraq is 15-20 percent Kurdish; Syria, less than 10 percent; and Iran, 10 percent.
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